其餘的每一種 這裡不是「每隔一種」,是除人類以外的每一種
Every other species on Earth reaches a maximum population after a time.David Attenborough: A Life on Our Planet · 2020 — 第 13 / 17 章 · 2'40" · B2
旁白先說地球其他物種:每種動物都會走到 maximum population(數量能達到的上限),人類卻一路猛增。說到全球每年出生人數,又用 level off(升勢走平不再衝高)形容它不再猛漲。聊物種數量上限用前者,聊銷量、熱度不再衝高就用後者。
旁白先用其他物種的數量上限對照人類增長:maximum population(數量能達到的上限)說的是自然資源能給一個物種劃出的邊界。接著拿日本的生活水平與出生率變化作例子,說明全球每年出生人數可能趨穩;level off(升勢走平不再衝高)正可形容銷量、流量等數字停止猛漲。最後說人口終會在未來見頂,the sooner, the easier(越早發生就越好辦)用來說明峰值越早到,後續事情越好處理。
這場戲看什麼
留意這幾個短語
maximum populationon current projectionsstandard of livinglevel off
本章短語
升勢走平不再衝高stop rising and stay roughly flat
少生說到全球時,有人補上每年出生數即將 level off:曲線眼看走平,不是孩子已經沒有了。
Ticket sales should level off once the opening weekend is over.首週末一過,票房就該走平,不再往上衝。
數量能達到的上限
按現有預測來算
整體生活水平
越早發生就越好辦
幫人脫離貧困
23 句台詞裡標了 29 處
其餘的每一種 這裡不是「每隔一種」,是除人類以外的每一種
Every other species on Earth reaches a maximum population after a time.reaches 的尾音滑進 a,a 前別頓。
Every other species on Earth reaches a maximum population after a time.靠手頭資源能夠維持住
The number that can be sustained on the natural resources available.定語從句:that 指前面的 number,後半句說明這數量靠什麼維持。
The number that can be sustained on the natural resources available.漲得又快又顯眼
With nothing to restrict us, our population has been growing dramatically throughout my lifetime.按現有預測來算
上限說完,有人用 on current projections 把話轉到還沒發生的數字,提醒一百一十億隻是按當前曲線推出來的。
On current projections,讓人口不再繼續增加
But it's possible to slow, even to stop population growth well before it reaches that point.整體生活水平
大數字之後,日本被拿來當現成例子。standard of living 指整個國家的日子迅速變好,為出生率下降做鋪墊。
Japan's standard of living climbed rapidly in the latter half of the 20th century.of 不要佔滿一拍,重音留給兩頭。
Japan's standard of living climbed rapidly in the latter half of the 20th century.一段時間內新生孩子的比例
people's expectations and opportunities grew, and the birth rate fell.幾乎沒變,差別可以忽略
The result is that the population has now stabilized and has hardly changed since the millennium.已有苗頭,尚未定論
There are signs that this has started to happen across the globe.放到全世界,不限一國
There are signs that this has started to happen across the globe.自己選擇少生孩子
As nations develop everywhere, people choose to have fewer children.即將發生,還差最後一步
The number of children being born worldwide every year is about to level off.升勢走平不再衝高
少生說到全球時,有人補上每年出生數即將 level off:曲線眼看走平,不是孩子已經沒有了。
The number of children being born worldwide every year is about to level off.活著的年頭比過去更長
A key reason the population is still growing is because many of us are living longer.原因從句:reason 後再用 because,原因說了兩遍,資訊在壽命。
A key reason the population is still growing is because many of us are living longer.從前沒有過,這將是頭一回
At some point in the future, the human population will peak for the very first time.very 要重,first 緊跟,time 放輕。
At some point in the future, the human population will peak for the very first time.相關比較句:前一個比較級管早晚,後一個管難易,兩邊一起變。
The sooner it happens, the easier it makes everything else we have to do.幫人脫離貧困
見頂早晚剛說完,這裡開始列做法。raise people out of poverty 是第一件,後面還有醫療,以及讓女孩儘量留在學校,語氣是在擺手段。
By working hard to raise people out of poverty,方式狀語:By 加動名詞只交代手段,真正的結果要等後面的 we can。
By working hard to raise people out of poverty,儘可能久 這裡指書能念多久就唸多久
giving all access to healthcare, and enabling girls in particular to stay in school as long as possible,繼續把書讀下去,不中途離開
giving all access to healthcare, and enabling girls in particular to stay in school as long as possible,在更低的水平上
we can make it peak sooner and at a lower level.wouldn't 末尾收短,先抓住否定再接 we。
Why wouldn't we want to do these things?這一生可走的路變寬 不是抽到一次機會,是整個人生的餘地變大
Giving people a greater opportunity of life is what we would want to do anyway.表語從句:what 從句放在 is 後面,把本來想做的事說成一件東西。
Giving people a greater opportunity of life is what we would want to do anyway.But it's possible to slow, even to stop population growth well before it reaches that point.不過,人口增長可以放慢,甚至在遠沒到那個數字之前就停住。 先承認能放慢,再用 even 把停下推進一步,這句盼頭很具體,不像空喊。
A key reason the population is still growing is because many of us are living longer.人口現在還在增長,一個關鍵原因是我們很多人活得更長了。 一句拆掉「還在漲就是還在多生」,把原因換成活得更久。
At some point in the future, the human population will peak for the very first time.在未來的某個時刻,人類人口將第一次達到頂峰。 very 壓在 first 上,把一條預測說成即將發生的歷史頭一回。
The sooner it happens, the easier it makes everything else we have to do.這件事發生得越早,我們其餘必須做的事就越容易。 遲早和難易鎖在一起,勸人的力氣在結構裡,不是一句口號。
Giving people a greater opportunity of life is what we would want to do anyway.讓人這一生有更大的餘地,本來就是我們想做的事。 anyway 把這些做法從人口賬上摘下來,說成本來就該做。
指數字或曲線停止往上衝,升勢走平不再衝高。臺詞裡用來講全球每年出生的孩子數量即將不再猛漲。
指一個物種在現有自然資源能維持的範圍內,數量最多能達到的上限。臺詞裡說其他物種到了一定時候都會達到這個上限。
the sooner, the easier。臺詞說這件事發生得越早,我們要做的其他事情就越容易,用的就是這個比較句式。
不是。它表示按現有預測來算,後面提到 2100 年地球會有 110 億人,是未來推算,不是已經發生的事實。
raise people out of poverty。臺詞把它和提供醫療、讓女孩儘可能久地留在學校放在一起,說這些能讓人口峰值更早、更低。
下一章 · 第 14 章phase out摩洛哥押注太陽能
第 1 章life-support核電站爆炸後撤空
第 2 章achingly intricate採石場看滅絕線
第 3 章like clockwork季節準了才有農耕
第 4 章come crashing down無盡平原其實有限
第 5 章an edge to看見整顆地球
第 6 章little more than捕鯨從收穫變成犯罪
第 7 章dizzying diversity綠簾背後只剩油棕
第 8 章reap the open ocean harvest漁船撈空生命熱點
第 9 章stumbled on白珊瑚其實是骨架
第 10 章headed for disaster抵達極地卻不見海冰
第 11 章already emptying回看才知荒野已空
第 12 章one-way doors預言一扇扇單向門
正在看 · 第 13 章level off日本經驗看人口見頂
第 14 章phase out摩洛哥押注太陽能
第 15 章spilt over禁漁區反讓漁民多捕
第 16 章make space for少吃肉騰出土地
第 17 章locking away森林鎖碳與復林