Chapter 4 of 28 · 2'08"
First Quantum Seminar 量子第一课IMDb ↗
第一堂课就把光既是粒子又是波讲成入门
Oppenheimer · 2023
CEFR C1IELTS 7.5Classroom雅思Philosophy
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Subtitles
My level
The story so far
Everything you need before watchingOppenheimer has just set up shop at Berkeley, next door to Ernest Lawrence's lab. Lawrence is building a machine to accelerate electrons and wants help; Oppenheimer refuses to build anything, but he wants to test theories with it. His first class is in an hour, and he has exactly one student. Then he walks into the room and starts with a paradox: light is both particle and wave. From there he asks them to follow a dying star all the way to where the math has never been.
奥
J. Robert Oppenheimertheoretical physicist
劳
Ernest Lawrenceexperimental physicist
洛
Rossi Lomanitzstudent
斯
Snyderstudent
Chapters
28 parts · AI-cut01Bohr Sends Him Away玻尔劝他离开实验室，去能想问题的地方C11'56"02Strauss Recruits Him有人拿房子通勤当挖角筹码B23'02"03Rabi On The Train火车上有人挖苦：美国人凭什么来讲新物理B21'39"04First Quantum Seminar第一堂课就把光既是粒子又是波讲成入门C12'08"05Party Politics Debate入党是关心这个世界B22'38"06Naming Los Alamos一生理想落在荒原尽头B21'45"07Kitty And Empty Space有人用酒杯解释世界是空的B22'53"08Lawrence Shuts The Union劳伦斯说你重要，所以电话早就被监听了C11'47"09Groves Offers The Job将军当众念完缺点清单，接着把计划交给他C13'42"10Einstein On Atmosphere点燃大气的概率近乎零，却拿整个世界当赌注C11'53"11Chevalier Approaches厨房里有人转述：资料可以走后门给苏联C11'32"12Teller Pitches Fusion特勒打断裂变课，说下一堂该讲百万吨级氢弹C11'55"13Condon Walks Out芝加哥堆刚临界，康登当场辞职说受不了规矩B22'21"14Last Night With Jean过夜之后他告诉琼，从此不能再见面B23'21"15Cock-And-Bull Story安全官追问时，他编假故事把朋友护下来C14'03"16Bohr On The Aftermath玻尔说即将揭开的力量会活过纳粹，那是新世界C12'35"17GAC Rejects The Super更大的炸弹只瞄准最大的城市，会上有人叫它屠杀C11'52"18Target Committee Meeting轰炸城市能少死人C13'33"19Trinity Weather Hold点火时刻押在黎明雨停C13'01"20Truman Oval Office他在白宫说手上有血，总统骂广岛不是他的戏B23'26"21Fuchs And The World生日会上听说富克斯一直在为苏联做间谍C11'31"22Moment Of The Explosion侥幸活着仍会死C11'54"23Power In The Shadows斯特劳斯把材料交给博登，权力留在阴影里C12'38"24Rabi Asks For Mermaids拉比反问：原子弹氢弹都有了，还要美人鱼吗C12'19"25Borden Reads The Letter博登当庭宣读：奥本海默更可能是苏联代理人C12'14"26Hill Names The Motive整人不过公报私仇C12'34"27Kitty On The Stand基蒂当场顶回去：我不喜欢你这种问法C12'36"28Did You Support The Bomb律师当庭问他后不后悔投弹，他只说做了本职C13'00"
00:00 / 02:08
GoldenTeaching
Transcript
00:02
Dr. Lawrence, I presume ?
劳伦斯博士，想必就是您？
00:05
You must be Oppenheimer .
你一定就是奥本海默。
00:06
Yes.
是的。
00:08
I hear you want to start a school of quantum theory.
听说你想办一所量子理论学院。
00:10
I am starting it. Next door .
我已经在办了。就在隔壁。
00:12
-They put you in there? -I asked for it .
—他们把你安排在那儿？ —是我自己要求的。
00:14
Wanted to be close to you experimentalists.
我想挨着你们这些做实验的。
00:16
Theory will get you only so far , huh?
光靠理论走不了多远，对吧？
00:18
We're building a machine to accelerate electrons.
我们在造一台加速电子的机器。
00:20
-Magnificent. - Would you like to help?
—太了不起了。 —要不要一起来帮忙？
00:23
Build it? Oh, no.
造机器？哦，不。
00:25
No, no.
不，不。
00:26
But I am working on theories I'd like to test with it .
不过我在做一些理论，想用它来验证。
00:29
When do you start teaching?
你什么时候开始上课？
00:30
I've got my first in an hour .
一小时后我上第一堂。
00:31
-Seminar? -Pupil.
—研讨课？ —一个学生。
00:34
One student? That's it?
就一个学生？就这？
00:37
I'm teaching something no one here has dreamt of .
我教的东西，这儿还没人梦想过。
00:40
But once people start hearing what you can do with it ...
可一旦人们开始听说它能做什么……
00:42
There's no going back.
就再也回不去了。
00:45
-Oh. I must have missed the... -Ah. Lo...
—哦。我大概错过了…… —啊，洛……
00:48
-Mr. Lomanitz? -Na.
—洛马尼茨先生？ —呐。
00:51
Yeah.
对。
00:52
Yes, this is it. Please.
对，就是这儿。请进。
00:54
Take a seat.
请坐。
01:00
What do you know about quantum mechanics?
量子力学你了解多少？
01:02
I have a grasp on the basics.
基础我还是掌握的。
01:04
Then you're doing it wrong.
那你就学错了。
01:07
Is light made up of particles or waves ?
光是由粒子构成，还是由波构成？
01:09
Quantum mechanics says it's both.
量子力学说，两者都是。
01:10
How could it be both?
怎么可能两者都是？
01:12
-It can't. -It can't.
—不可能。 —不可能。
01:14
But it is. It's paradoxical, and yet , it works .
但它就是。这自相矛盾，可它仍然成立。
01:26
Now.
好。
01:29
Thank you.
谢谢。
01:31
Mr. Lomanitz. You're gonna be okay .
洛马尼茨先生。你会没事的。
01:34
Mr. Snyder.
斯奈德先生。
01:35
Now let's consider a star.
现在我们来看一颗恒星。
01:37
A star. A vast furnace burning in outer space ,
一颗恒星。外太空里一座巨大的燃烧熔炉，
01:41
fire pushing outwards against its own gravity.
火焰向外推，对抗自身的引力。
01:44
Balanced.
平衡。
01:45
But if that furnace cools...
可一旦这座熔炉冷却……
01:49
...and gravity starts winning, it contracts.
……引力开始占上风，它就会收缩。
01:52
Density increases.
密度增加。
01:53
Correct.
正确。
01:54
Increasing gravity.
引力增强。
01:56
Increasing density.
密度再增。
01:57
-And? -It's a vicious cycle until...
—然后呢？ —恶性循环，直到……
01:59
what's the limit here?
极限在哪儿？
02:02
I don't know. See where the math takes us.
我不知道。看数学把我们带到哪儿。
02:04
I guarantee it's somewhere no one's been before.
我保证，那是从来没人去过的地方。
02:06
Me?
我？
02:08
Yes, you. Your math is better than mine.
对，就是你。你的数学比我好。
02:12
Dr. Oppenheimer's file
奥本海默博士的档案
Language points
Click a card to jump to its moment in the videoPronunciation↩ 00:02
I presume
presume 重音在 sume，句末上扬当提问。
Dr. Lawrence, I presume ?
劳伦斯博士，想必就是您？
Pronunciation↩ 00:05
must be Oppenheimer
must 弱读成 /məs/，Oppenheimer 才是重的。
You must be Oppenheimer .
你一定就是奥本海默。
CollocationB2↩ 00:08
start a school of something
start a school of something
创办某个学派/专业
I hear you want to start a school of quantum theory.
听说你想办一所量子理论学院。
CollocationA2↩ 00:10
next door
next door
在隔壁
I am starting it. Next door .
我已经在办了。就在隔壁。
CollocationB1↩ 00:12
ask for something
ask for something
是我自己要求的
这里不是「活该自找」，是他自己要了这间房
-They put you in there? -I asked for it .
—他们把你安排在那儿？ —是我自己要求的。
CollocationA2↩ 00:14
be close to someone
be close to someone
靠近、挨着某人
Wanted to be close to you experimentalists.
我想挨着你们这些做实验的。
CollocationB2↩ 00:16
get someone only so far
get someone only so far
只能帮你走到这一步
Theory will get you only so far , huh?
光靠理论走不了多远，对吧？
CollocationA2↩ 00:20
would you like to do something
would you like to do something
要不要做某事
-Magnificent. - Would you like to help?
—太了不起了。 —要不要一起来帮忙？
CollocationA2↩ 00:26
work on something
work on something
正在做、正在研究
But I am working on theories I'd like to test with it .
不过我在做一些理论，想用它来验证。
GrammarB1↩ 00:26
theories I'd like to test with it
定语从句省略：theories (that) I'd like to test，关系词可省。
But I am working on theories I'd like to test with it .
不过我在做一些理论，想用它来验证。
CollocationA2↩ 00:30
in an hour
in an hour
一小时之后
I've got my first in an hour .
一小时后我上第一堂。
Pronunciation↩ 00:30
I've got my
I've got 常吞成 I-got，v 很轻。
I've got my first in an hour .
一小时后我上第一堂。
SlangA2↩ 00:34
That's it?
就这？就一个？——口语里表示不敢相信，正式别用
One student? That's it?
就一个学生？就这？
CollocationB1↩ 00:37
dream of something
dream of something
梦想过、想象过
I'm teaching something no one here has dreamt of .
我教的东西，这儿还没人梦想过。
GrammarB2↩ 00:40
once people start hearing what you can do with it
once时间从句：once 一带出时间，后面 what 从句当 hearing 的宾语。
But once people start hearing what you can do with it ...
可一旦人们开始听说它能做什么……
CollocationB1↩ 00:45
must have missed something
must have missed something
想必已经错过了
-Oh. I must have missed the... -Ah. Lo...
—哦。我大概错过了…… —啊，洛……
CollocationA2↩ 01:00
what do you know about something
what do you know about something
你对某事了解多少
What do you know about quantum mechanics?
量子力学你了解多少？
Pronunciation↩ 01:00
do you know
do you 弱成 /dʒə/，know 才咬清。
What do you know about quantum mechanics?
量子力学你了解多少？
CollocationB1↩ 01:02
have a grasp on something
have a grasp on something
基本掌握某事
I have a grasp on the basics.
基础我还是掌握的。
CollocationA2↩ 01:07
be made up of something
be made up of something
由……构成
Is light made up of particles or waves ?
光是由粒子构成，还是由波构成？
GrammarA2↩ 01:07
particles or waves
选择疑问：A or B 逼对方二选一，这里为后面「两者都是」铺垫。
Is light made up of particles or waves ?
光是由粒子构成，还是由波构成？
CollocationB2↩ 01:14
and yet
and yet
尽管如此、可仍然
But it is. It's paradoxical, and yet , it works .
但它就是。这自相矛盾，可它仍然成立。
Pronunciation↩ 01:14
it works
works 砸下来，和前面 paradoxical 对照。
But it is. It's paradoxical, and yet , it works .
但它就是。这自相矛盾，可它仍然成立。
CollocationA2↩ 01:31
be gonna be okay
be gonna be okay
会没事的
Mr. Lomanitz. You're gonna be okay .
洛马尼茨先生。你会没事的。
Pronunciation↩ 01:31
gonna be okay
gonna 含糊成 /gənə/，okay 落稳。
Mr. Lomanitz. You're gonna be okay .
洛马尼茨先生。你会没事的。
SlangA2↩ 01:31
gonna
将要、会——口语 going to 的缩约，写作少用
Mr. Lomanitz. You're gonna be okay .
洛马尼茨先生。你会没事的。
GrammarB2↩ 01:37
A vast furnace burning in outer space
现在分词后置：burning 后置修饰 furnace，等于 that is burning。
A star. A vast furnace burning in outer space ,
一颗恒星。外太空里一座巨大的燃烧熔炉，
CollocationB2↩ 01:57
a vicious cycle
a vicious cycle
恶性循环
-And? -It's a vicious cycle until...
—然后呢？ —恶性循环，直到……
CollocationA2↩ 02:08
better than someone
better than someone
比某人更好
Yes, you. Your math is better than mine.
对，就是你。你的数学比我好。
GrammarB1↩ 02:08
better than mine
比较级省略：mine=my math，than 后用名词性物主代词避免重复。
Yes, you. Your math is better than mine.
对，就是你。你的数学比我好。
Teaching points
Review right after watchingMy level
auto-pauses
CollocationB1↩ 01:02
have a grasp on
基本掌握、懂个大概
In the scene学生说自己懂量子基础，语气自信，随即被老师拆掉。
She has a grasp on the budget, but not the legal side.预算她抓得住，法律那边还不行。
In daily life
入职汇报I have a grasp on the workflow after two weeks.两周后我对流程已经有数了。
above my level
IdiomB2↩ 00:16
only so far
只能走到这一步
In the scene劳伦斯笑理论有天花板，暗示实验才能走下去。
Talent will get you only so far without rehearsal.光有天赋、不排练，也走不了多远。
In daily life
劝加练习Notes will get you only so far in the interview.面试光靠笔记走不了多远。
above my level
IdiomB2↩ 01:57
vicious cycle
恶性循环
In the scene学生跟上恒星坍缩：密度涨、引力涨，彼此喂养。
Late nights and poor sleep become a vicious cycle.熬夜和睡眠差会变成恶性循环。
In daily life
谈加班Overtime and mistakes are a vicious cycle on this team.这组加班和出错已经是恶性循环。
above my level
VocabularyC1↩ 01:14
paradoxical
自相矛盾却成立
In the scene奥本海默承认光不可能既是粒子又是波，可量子就是如此。
It's paradoxical: the quieter room felt louder.很矛盾：更安静的房间反而更吵。
In daily life
讨论设计The layout is paradoxical, and still people find it.布局自相矛盾，可人们还是找得到。
above my level
DiscourseB2↩ 01:14
and yet
尽管如此、可它仍然
In the scene刚说「不可能」，立刻用 and yet 把悖论接成有效理论。
The plan is risky, and yet, the board approved it.计划有风险，可董事会还是批了。
In daily life
做总结The data is thin, and yet, the pattern is clear.数据很少，可规律已经清楚。
auto-pauses
CollocationA2↩ 01:07
made up of
由……构成
In the scene老师用二选一开场，把光的本质问成课堂第一问。
The panel is made up of three outside reviewers.评审组由三位外部评审构成。
In daily life
介绍配方This sauce is made up of tomatoes and garlic.这酱是番茄和大蒜做成的。
auto-pauses
DiscourseB1↩ 00:02
i presume
想必就是您吧
In the scene奥本海默见面就用这句认人，带着旧式礼貌和一点自负。
You're the new editor, I presume?想必您就是新来的编辑？
In daily life
会场认人Dr. Chen, I presume? I'm from the lab next door.想必是陈博士？我从隔壁实验室来。
Golden lines
A great line in its own right — why and how to use it“But it is. It's paradoxical, and yet, it works.”
但它就是。这自相矛盾，可它仍然成立。
Why it's great
先承认不可能，再用 and yet 把悖论接成可工作的现实。
Pattern
It's paradoxical, and yet, it works.
When to use
解释一个看起来矛盾、实际能跑通的规则或理论时。
Similar
It shouldn't work, but it does. ／ It's a contradiction, and it still holds.
Register
literary
Shadowing tip
paradoxical 后稍停，yet 和 works 都加重。
Use it yourself
解释规则The policy is messy, and yet, it works.这套政策很乱，可它仍然管用。
“I guarantee it's somewhere no one's been before.”
我保证，那是从来没人去过的地方。
Why it's great
guarantee 把未知说成承诺，把课堂变成探险。
Pattern
I guarantee it's somewhere no one's been.
When to use
带人进入没人走过的问题、项目或思路时。
Similar
I promise this is uncharted. ／ Nobody has been there yet.
Register
neutral
Shadowing tip
guarantee 拉长，before 下沉收住。
Use it yourself
开新课题I guarantee this dataset takes us somewhere new.我保证这组数据会把我们带到新地方。
“Then you're doing it wrong.”
那你就学错了。
Why it's great
学生说懂基础，老师一刀把自信砍掉，课堂才真正开始。
Pattern
Then you're doing it wrong.
When to use
对方以为自己懂了，你要当场纠正方法时。
Similar
Then you've got the wrong idea. ／ That's not how you do it.
Register
informal
Shadowing tip
Then 稍停，wrong 砸下去。
Use it yourself
纠正方法If it feels easy, then you're doing it wrong.如果觉得太容易，那你就做错了。
Monologue
One character carrying the scene — shadow the whole passage❝ 恒星坍缩课
Now let's consider a star. A star. A vast furnace burning in outer space, fire pushing outwards against its own gravity. Balanced. But if that furnace cools... ...and gravity starts winning, it contracts.
现在我们来看一颗恒星。 一颗恒星。外太空里一座巨大的燃烧熔炉， 火焰向外推，对抗自身的引力。 平衡。 可一旦这座熔炉冷却…… ……引力开始占上风，它就会收缩。
把恒星讲成对抗重力的炉子，一句一步往下推。