The Social Dilemma · 2020 — 第 9 / 14 章 · 3'00" · C1

研究称假新闻快六倍:tilt the floor

有人说,推特上的假新闻比真新闻快六倍;这套系统像把人类行为的地面弄斜——tilt the floor(让条件悄悄倾斜),让某些行为更省力。假信息比真相更赚钱,这套 disinformation-for-profit(靠虚假信息盈利)的生意,值得每个刷手机的人听懂。

发生了什么

一项麻省理工研究说,推特上的假新闻比真新闻快六倍。有人把系统比作被弄斜的地面——tilt the floor(让条件悄悄倾斜),让某些行为更省力;还说这套系统 biases towards(系统性地偏向)虚假信息,因为假信息比真相更赚钱。于是有了 disinformation-for-profit(靠虚假信息盈利)这种模式。新闻片段里,谣言从喝水防病毒传到 5G,甚至有人 blowing up(炸毁)信号塔。想聊算法、谣言和流量生意,这几句都能直接用。

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这场戏看什么

  • 留意受访者怎样用比喻讲机制
  • 注意谣言清单的并列与重复
  • 看数据与个案怎样交替推进

留意这几个短语

tilt the floorbiases towardsdisinformation-for-profitblowing up

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本章短语

tilt the floor

让条件悄悄倾斜quietly bias the conditions

受访者边找词边打比方:tilt the floor 就像把人类行为的地面弄斜,让某些行为更省力,也让另一条路更难走。

The new ranking system can tilt the floor toward outrage.新的排序机制可能悄悄让人更容易滑向愤怒的内容。

本章还有

  • biases towards

    系统性地偏向

  • disinformation-for-profit

    靠虚假信息盈利

  • blowing up

    炸毁

  • this shit

    这破事,这套鬼东西

  • a matter of life and death

    生死攸关的事

本章全部批注

39 句台词里标了 27 处

短语 · B1fake news

假新闻

There's a study, an MIT study, that fake news on Twitter spreads six times faster than true news.
短语 · B1X times faster than Y

比…快六倍

There's a study, an MIT study, that fake news on Twitter spreads six times faster than true news.
发音six times faster

six 和 fast- 各落一个重音,times 的 /aɪ/ 压短、尾 /z/ 轻收;six 的 /ks/ 咬清,fast- 拉长,-er 快速收尾。

There's a study, an MIT study, that fake news on Twitter spreads six times faster than true news.
短语 · B2a ...-times advantage

六倍优势

What is that world gonna look like when one has a six-times advantage to the other one?
俚语 · A2gonna

将要——口语和字幕常见;正式写作别用。

What is that world gonna look like when one has a six-times advantage to the other one?
短语 · C1at scale

在大规模层面

And you're always free to walk up the hill, but fewer people do, and so, at scale, at society's scale,
发音at scale

at 的 /t/ 只轻触上龈,常弱化为 /ət/,scale 的 /skeɪl/ 拉长承重;at 与 scale 之间不停顿,重音全给 scale。

And you're always free to walk up the hill, but fewer people do, and so, at scale, at society's scale,
短语 · B2change what people think and do

改变人们的想法与行为

you really are just tilting the floor and changing what billions of people think and do.
短语 · B2false information

不实信息

We've created a system that biases towards false information.
语法 · B2a system that biases towards false information

定语从句:that 从句修饰 system,说明系统偏向哪边;不是两个并列动作。

We've created a system that biases towards false information.
短语 · B1business model

商业模式

It's a disinformation-for-profit business model.
短语 · C1unregulated messages

不受监管的信息

You make money the more you allow unregulated messages to reach anyone for the best price.
语法 · C1The more they talk about it and the more they divide us, the more they have the power

比较级叠用:前两个 the more 表条件,后一个表结果:越谈、越分裂,权力越大。

The more they talk about it and the more they divide us, the more they have the power, the more...
短语 · C1a flow of misinformation

虚假信息流

There's a flow of misinformation online about the virus.
短语 · B2flush something from your system

把冠状病毒冲出体内

The notion drinking water will flush coronavirus from your system is one of several myths about the virus circulating on social media.
短语 · B2circulate on social media

在社交媒体上流传

The notion drinking water will flush coronavirus from your system is one of several myths about the virus circulating on social media.
语法 · C1The notion drinking water will flush coronavirus from your system

同位语从句:drinking water... 解释 notion 的内容,that 被省掉;别把它当主语。

The notion drinking water will flush coronavirus from your system is one of several myths about the virus circulating on social media.
俚语 · B2this shit

这破事——熟人之间发泄用;正式场合别说。

I think the US government started this shit.
短语 · B2use something as an excuse

把新冠当成借口

Maybe the government is using the coronavirus as an excuse to get everyone to stay inside because something else is happening.
短语 · C1be bombarded with something

被谣言轰炸

We're being bombarded with rumors.
短语 · B2conspiracy theories

阴谋论

We see Russia and China spreading rumors and conspiracy theories.
语法 · B2see Russia and China spreading rumors

感官动词结构:see + 宾语 + doing,强调看见动作正在发生;不是‘看见’就结束。

We see Russia and China spreading rumors and conspiracy theories.
短语 · B1something like + number

大约(某个数字)

Those sources that are spreading coronavirus misinformation have amassed something like 52 million engagements.
短语 · C1test something on a strain

针对此毒株做过测试

Well, let's say it hasn't been tested on this strain of the coronavirus, but...
短语 · B2an extreme version of something

极端版本

What we're seeing with COVID is just an extreme version of what's happening across our information ecosystem.
短语 · B2no matter what + noun

无论什么议题

Social media amplifies exponential gossip and exponential hearsay to the point that we don't know what's true, no matter what issue we care about.
发音what issue

what 的尾 /t/ 滑进 issue 的 /ɪ/,常连成 /wʌtɪʃuː/;舌尖轻弹后立刻接上,what 别单独收死。

Social media amplifies exponential gossip and exponential hearsay to the point that we don't know what's true, no matter what issue we care about.

看懂「研究称假新闻快六倍」

发音重点

  • six times faster — six 和 fast- 各落一个重音,times 的 /aɪ/ 压短、尾 /z/ 轻收;six 的 /ks/ 咬清,fast- 拉长,-er 快速收尾。
  • at scale — at 的 /t/ 只轻触上龈,常弱化为 /ət/,scale 的 /skeɪl/ 拉长承重;at 与 scale 之间不停顿,重音全给 scale。
  • what issue — what 的尾 /t/ 滑进 issue 的 /ɪ/,常连成 /wʌtɪʃuː/;舌尖轻弹后立刻接上,what 别单独收死。
There's a study, an MIT study, that fake news on Twitter spreads six times faster than true news.

有一项研究,一项MIT研究,说推特上的假新闻传播速度是真新闻的六倍。 用一项具体研究把抽象危机压成六倍差距,数字一出口就让人记住。

We've created a system that biases towards false information.

我们创造了一个偏向虚假信息的系统。 把责任从个人挪到系统,biases towards 一词点明结构性偏向。

It's a disinformation-for-profit business model.

这是一个靠虚假信息盈利的商业模式。 连字符造词,把谎言与盈利焊在一起,冷峻又刺耳。

People have no idea what's true, and now it's a matter of life and death.

人们根本不知道什么是真的,而现在这已是生死攸关的事。 从认知混乱推到生死后果,两个分句把代价说透。

Social media amplifies exponential gossip and exponential hearsay to the point that we don't know what's true, no matter what issue we care about.

社交媒体放大呈指数级增长的八卦和传闻,到了我们分不清真假的地步,无论我们关心的是什么议题。 重复 exponential 把传播速度推成压迫感,结尾 no matter 扩大范围。

关于这一章的问题

tilt the floor 是什么意思?

tilt the floor 字面是「把地面弄斜」,意思是「让条件悄悄倾斜」:它改变条件,让某些行为更容易、某些更难;台词说人仍可往坡上走,但这样做的人更少。

「系统性地偏向」英语怎么说?

用 biases towards。台词里说 We've created a system that biases towards false information,意思是我们造出的系统会系统性地偏向虚假信息。

disinformation-for-profit 指的是什么?

指靠虚假信息盈利。台词把它称为 a disinformation-for-profit business model,并说假信息比真相更能让公司赚钱,真相太无聊。

blowing up 在这里是「爆炸」还是「炸毁」?

这里指炸毁。台词说 People are blowing up actual physical cell phone towers,也就是有人真的去炸手机信号塔,不只是说发生了爆炸。

「生死攸关的事」用英语怎么讲?

说 a matter of life and death,也就是「生死攸关的事」。台词用 People have no idea what's true, and now it's a matter of life and death 说明分不清真假已经关乎生死。

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