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Oppenheimer · 2023 — 第 25 / 28 章 · 2'18" · C1

Borden Reads the Accusation Letter, Explained：cuts both ways

At the hearing, Borden is asked to read his letter to J. Edgar Hoover aloud, and it lands like a blow: "J. Robert Oppenheimer is an agent of the Soviet Union." Opposing counsel objects that these are "accusations that have not previously been made," but the letter is entered into the record anyway.

あらすじ

Borden, who investigated Oppenheimer, is called to read his letter to FBI director J. Edgar Hoover. The letter states that Oppenheimer "is an agent of the Soviet Union." Counsel objects that these are new accusations, not part of the indictment, but the board decides the letter belongs in the record.

CourtroomInterrogationsConfrontingExplainingPolice & suspectC1fastamericanClean
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注目の表現

cuts both wayson his own initiativemore probably than notprior to

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  32. ❝ 独白Borden reads the letter to Hoover8 行練習ページ ↗
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このシーンの表現

cuts both ways

对双方都适用；既是双刃剑

对方律师质疑这封信不该被采信，主席回应说同一标准对双方都成立，一句 It cuts both ways 点明规则并非只对一方有利。

Remember, that kind of rule cuts both ways.

このシーンの他の表現

  • on his own initiative

    自行、主动地（未经他人授意）

  • more probably than not

    更可能如此；可能性大于不可能

  • prior to

    在……之前（正式说法，相当于 before）

このシーンのメモ一覧

44 行のセリフに 32 件のメモ

表現 · B2reach a conclusionduring your investigation into Dr. Oppenheimer, did you reach certain conclusions?
文法 · C1did there come a time when you expressed

inversion

-I did. -And did there come a time when you expressed those conclusions in a letter to Mr. J. Edgar Hoover
表現 · B2prior to something-That is correct. -Prior to the writing of the letter, did you discuss the writing of the letter
表現 · B2be attached to somethingwith anybody attached to the Atomic Energy Commission?
表現 · B1in front of someoneI have one in front of me.
表現 · C1be so kind as to do somethingWould you please be so kind as to read it, sir?
発音so kind as to

liaison

Would you please be so kind as to read it, sir?
表現 · C1the purpose of something is to do"Dear Mr. Hoover, the purpose of this letter is to state..."
表現 · B2of a kind that ...and I see statements here, uh, at least one, of a kind that I don't think
表現 · C1go into the recordanyone would like to see go into the record.
発音into the record

liaison

anyone would like to see go into the record.
表現 · C1not previously been doneThese are accusations that have not previously been made.
表現 · B1belong hereAccusations of a kind that I don't think belong here.
表現 · C1on one's own initiativeThe witness wrote this letter on his own initiative, laying out evidence that has already been before the board.
表現 · B2lay out evidenceThe witness wrote this letter on his own initiative, laying out evidence that has already been before the board.
文法 · C1laying out evidence that has already been before the board

participle phrase

The witness wrote this letter on his own initiative, laying out evidence that has already been before the board.
表現 · C1valid testimonyHis conclusions are valid testimony, just like the... the positive conclusions of friends of Dr. Oppenheimer.
表現 · B2cut both waysIt cuts both ways.
表現 · C1be in possession of somethingHow long has Counsel been in possession of this letter?
表現 · C1be subject to somethingI don't think I should be subject to cross-examination by you, Mr. Garrison.
文法 · C1I don't think I should be subject to cross-examination

negative transfer

I don't think I should be subject to cross-examination by you, Mr. Garrison.
表現 · B2given that ...Mr. Garrison, given that we on the board have all read the letter,
表現 · B2wouldn't it be better to do somethingwouldn't it be better to have it in the record?
表現 · B2state one's opinion"the purpose of this letter is to state my opinion
表現 · B2based upon something"based upon years of study "of the available classified evidence,
表現 · C1classified evidence"based upon years of study "of the available classified evidence,
表現 · C1more probably than not"that more probably than not,
発音more probably than not

stress

"that more probably than not,
表現 · C1hardened something"J. Robert Oppenheimer "was a sufficiently hardened Communist, "that he volunteered information to the Soviets.
表現 · C1volunteer information"J. Robert Oppenheimer "was a sufficiently hardened Communist, "that he volunteered information to the Soviets.
表現 · C1function as something"Two, more probably than not, "he has since been functioning as an espionage agent.
表現 · B2tell the truth about somethingever going to tell the truth about what's happening here?

「Borden Reads the Accusation Letter」を読み解く

What's really going on

The letter is the entire scene, and it does the work of a verdict before anyone has testified. Its method is careful and damning at once: not "he is" a spy, but "more probably than not," a phrase that sounds reasonable and still puts the words into the permanent record. The board's ruling is the quieter blow. When counsel protests that these are "accusations that have not previously been made," the chairman answers that the same logic "cuts both ways" and lets the letter stand. A man's reputation is not destroyed by argument here but by procedure.

Theme

PowerA security board uses a letter and procedure to brand a scientist a Soviet agent before he can answer.
JusticeNew accusations are read into the record over objection, shaping the outcome more than the evidence.

発音のポイント

  • so kind as to — liaison
  • into the record — liaison
  • more probably than not — stress
"J. Robert Oppenheimer is an agent of the Soviet Union.

The letter's central charge, read aloud in the room, that labels Oppenheimer a Soviet agent.

These are accusations that have not previously been made.

The objection that the letter introduces new charges rather than restating known evidence.

What is the purpose of the delay?

The chairman's sharp question, treating any hesitation as obstruction.

I don't think I should be subject to cross-examination by you, Mr. Garrison.

Counsel's refusal to be questioned by the opposing lawyer, an argument over procedure, not facts.

このシーンについての質問

What does 'more probably than not' mean?

It is a legal standard meaning more likely than not. The letter uses it so the charge sounds measured: not that Oppenheimer is certainly a spy, but that it is more likely.

Who wrote the letter?

William Borden, who had investigated Oppenheimer, wrote it to J. Edgar Hoover at the FBI, and he is called to read it aloud at the hearing.

Why does counsel object to the letter?

Because its accusations had not been made before and were not part of the indictment, so reading it would put new charges into the record.

How does the board respond to the objection?

The chairman argues that the same logic cuts both ways — if friendly conclusions count as testimony, so do hostile ones — and tells the reading to proceed.

What makes the letter so damaging?

It states its charge flatly and then enters the permanent record, so the accusation stands as testimony whether or not it is ever proved.

オッペンハイマー · 全 28 章

すべて見る →
次のチャプター · 第 26 章made mincemeat out ofHill Blames Strauss at the Hearing
第 1 章leaves a little to be desiredBohr Sends Oppenheimer to Göttingen第 2 章the man for the jobStrauss Offers Oppenheimer a Job第 3 章seek outRabi Meets Oppenheimer on a Train第 4 章a vicious cycleOppenheimer Starts His Quantum Seminar第 5 章wiggle roomPolitical Debate at a Party第 6 章wring your neckOppenheimer Names Los Alamos第 7 章from moneyOppenheimer Explains Empty Space第 8 章herd intoLawrence Shuts Down the Union第 9 章point takenGroves Offers Oppenheimer the Job第 10 章a point of no returnOppenheimer Asks Einstein About Doomsday第 11 章pass onChevalier Suggests Passing Secrets第 12 章the business at handTeller Pitches the H-Bomb第 13 章Thanks for nothingCondon Quits Los Alamos第 14 章drop in and outOppenheimer's Last Night With Jean第 15 章a cock-and-bull storyOppenheimer's Cock-and-Bull Story第 16 章took a wrong turnBohr Warns of the Aftermath第 17 章go down this roadThe GAC Debates the H-Bomb第 18 章a lot of latitudeThe Target Committee Debates the Bomb第 19 章gallows humorWaiting Out the Storm at Trinity第 20 章blood on my handsOppenheimer Meets President Truman第 21 章A man of convictionThe Fuchs Spy Case Comes Up第 22 章curse the name ofOppenheimer Refuses the Super Bomb第 23 章how the game is playedPlanning Oppenheimer's Downfall第 24 章MermaidsRabi Defends Oppenheimer再生中 · 第 25 章cuts both waysBorden Reads the Accusation Letter第 26 章made mincemeat out ofHill Blames Strauss at the Hearing第 27 章Haven't the slightest ideaKitty Testifies Before the Board第 28 章moral scruplesOppenheimer Is Cross-Examined
第 25 / 28 章 · 残り約 8 分