取代；顶替
开场讲者把科学摆到上帝的位置，说它像是已经取代了旧日信仰；语气克制，却先把整个论证的冲突点挑明，让听众马上感到这场讲座要拆东西。
In a way, in our contemporary world view, It's easy to think that science has come to take the place of God.Waking Life · 2001 — 第 5 / 13 章 · 3'16" · C1
独白追问自由意志：charade
一段关于自由意志的独白：有人先说科学似乎已经 take the place of（取代）上帝；再往下，连我们做的选择都可能只是一场 charade（装样子）。当论证走到量子粒子冷不丁偏移，自由似乎更没着落。想聊选择、聊责任，这几句都能直接搬。
发生了什么
一段关于自由意志的独白，把科学、物理规律和责任串成一条线：有人先说，科学似乎已经 take the place of（取代）上帝，可哲学问题并没有变轻。接着他追问，如果物理定律支配每个物体，人的选择会不会只是 charade（装样子）？讲到量子粒子冷不丁偏移，论证又拐回责任：只有 of your own free will（出于自愿）做的事，才谈得上负责。想聊选择、责任和科学，这些说法都能直接搬进日常讨论。
这场戏看什么
- 留意讲者先立论再自拆
- 注意 you 怎样把听众拉进论证
- 盯住 room 从空间变成抽象余地
留意这几个短语
take the place ofas troubling as evergovern the behavior ofof your own free will
00:00 / 03:16空格 播放 · ← → 换句 · R 单句循环
此刻
本章短语
charade
装样子；假戏a pretence, a false show
讲者把自由选择的日常感觉一把扯开，说它可能只是一场演给观众看的假戏；语气冷，带一点嘲讽，让你开始怀疑自己刚才那点“我在选”的踏实感。
The consultation was a charade; the decision had already been made.那次咨询只是装样子；决定早就做好了。
本章还有
- take the place of
取代；顶替
- as troubling as ever
依旧同样令人不安
- govern the behavior of
支配…的行为
- of your own free will
出于自愿
- out of the blue
毫无预兆地
本章全部批注
55 句台词里标了 26 处
In a 快读连成一团，重音落在 way 上
In a way, in our contemporary world view, It's easy to think that science has come to take the place of God.依旧同样令人不安
讲者先承认科学带来巨大成就，紧接着又说哲学难题一点没变轻；这句像给全场先压一块石头，也提醒听众别把旧问题当成已经翻篇。
But some philosophical problems remain as troubling as ever.已经存在很久
This problem's been around for a long time, since before Aristotle in 3 50 B.C.宾语从句：worried about 后接 how 从句，说明担心什么；不是直接问句。
St. Augustine, St. Thomas Aquinas, these guys all worried about how we can be free...这几位——口语指一群人，正式讲历史人物少用
St. Augustine, St. Thomas Aquinas, these guys all worried about how we can be free...事先就知道
if God already knows in advance everything you're gonna do.将要——口语缩写，正式写作改用 going to
if God already knows in advance everything you're gonna do.按照…运行
Nowadays we know that the world operates according to some fundamental physical laws,支配…的行为
讲者解释物理规律不只管星球运转，也管桌上每个物体怎么动；语气像在铺一张看不见的网，先把人的行为也罩进去，再谈自由还剩多少。
and these laws govern the behavior of every object in the world.是基本物理规律的例外
We're mostly water, and our behavior isn't gonna be an exception to basic physical laws.留给…的余地
There's not a lot of room left for freedom.not a lot of 的 a 弱化为 /ə/，of 的 /v/ 轻轻带过，整串压低，重音留给 freedom
There's not a lot of room left for freedom.明摆着摆在眼前，躲不开 字面是「盯着你的脸」，这里指问题摆在眼前、躲也躲不掉。
But the question keeps staring you right in the face.由自由选择决定
Who you are is mostly a matter of the free choices that you make.被认定要负责
Or take responsibility. You can only be held responsible, you can only be found guilty or admired or respected...出于自愿
说到责任时，讲者先把“自愿”设成前提：只有自己选的事，才谈得上被责备、被判有罪，或者被敬佩；这句把法律和道德的判断都压到同一个条件上。
for things you did of your own free will.开始显得像
It starts to look like all your decisions are really just a charade.剩余的…
So now it just looks like the Big Bang set up the initial conditions, and the whole rest of our history, the whole rest of human history and even before, is really just sort of the playing out of subatomic particles...长主语同位语：主语后两个逗号间是同位语补充，真正谓语是单数 is。
So now it just looks like the Big Bang set up the initial conditions, and the whole rest of our history, the whole rest of human history and even before, is really just sort of the playing out of subatomic particles...受到威胁
We think we’re special. We think we have some kind of special dignity, but that now comes under threat.we’re 轻轻带过，重音落在 special 上
We think we’re special. We think we have some kind of special dignity, but that now comes under threat.enough to 结构：enough 后接名词，to know 表结果：懂得足以知道。
"I know enough contemporary physical theory to know it's not really like that.毫无预兆地
讲者转到量子粒子，说它们会毫无预兆地偏移；这里忽然用一个口语习语，和前面连串物理术语形成落差，也把“随机”讲得像生活里的突发事件。
It just does something out of the blue, according to a probabilistic framework.out of the 连成一团，blue 稍拉长收句
It just does something out of the blue, according to a probabilistic framework.为…腾出空间
And that means trying to solve the problem of freedom, finding room for choice and responsibility...看懂「独白追问自由意志」
发音重点
- In a way — In a 快读连成一团，重音落在 way 上
- not a lot of — not a lot of 的 a 弱化为 /ə/，of 的 /v/ 轻轻带过，整串压低，重音留给 freedom
- We think we’re — we’re 轻轻带过，重音落在 special 上
- out of the — out of the 连成一团，blue 稍拉长收句
But some philosophical problems remain as troubling as ever.但有些哲学问题依旧同样令人不安。 用 as...as ever 把“老问题”与“至今未解”压进一句，短而冷。
There's not a lot of room left for freedom.留给自由的空间已经不多了。 把抽象自由写成被挤占的房间，room 一字让论证有了画面。
It starts to look like all your decisions are really just a charade.看起来你所有的决定都不过是在演戏。 charade 把自由选择戳穿成表演，it starts to look like 留出推理过程。
We think we’re special. We think we have some kind of special dignity, but that now comes under threat.我们自认特别，自认拥有某种尊严，但这一点如今受到威胁。 重复 We think 先搭高台，再用 comes under threat 一下抽走，节奏很狠。
Should our freedom just be a matter of probabilities, just some random swerving in a chaotic system?我们的自由难道只该是概率问题，只该是混沌系统里的随机偏移吗？ 两个 just 连击，把“自由=随机”的反问逼到荒唐边缘，swerving 很有物理画面。
关于这一章的问题
take the place of 是什么意思？
是「取代、顶替」，后面接被顶替的对象。台词里说科学似乎已经 take the place of 上帝，意思就是科学坐上了原本属于上帝的位子。
「装样子」英语怎么说？
可以说 charade。台词把人的决定说成 just a charade，意思就是像演给人看的假戏，并不是真在选择。
out of the blue 是什么意思？
是「毫无预兆地、突然」。台词说量子粒子会 out of the blue 地做出点什么，强调随机、无法从前因推出来，不是字面上的「从蓝色里出来」。
「出于自愿」英语怎么说？
用 of your own free will。台词说只有 for things you did of your own free will 才谈得上负责，意思是没人逼你、你自己愿意做。
come under threat 是什么意思？
是「受到威胁」。台词说我们觉得自己有某种特殊的尊严，但这份尊严现在 comes under threat，也就是开始面临危险。
半梦半醒的人生 · 共 13 章
全部章节 →
下一章 · 第 6 章two sides of the same coin演说号召反抗控制
第 1 章on an even keel搭上小船听人生道理
第 2 章write ourselves off有人替存在主义辩护
第 3 章at the whim of讲课人把演化讲成加速史
第 4 章collective memory两人聊梦境与转世
正在看 · 第 5 章charade独白追问自由意志
第 6 章two sides of the same coin演说号召反抗控制
第 7 章in the middle of nowhere沙漠加油站枪战往事
第 8 章make the best of it讨教清明梦诀窍
第 9 章come out of the moment桌边聊电影与神圣当下
第 10 章be an ant陌生人聊不想当蚂蚁
第 11 章beside the point梦里追问自己醒没醒
第 12 章coauthors of桥上独白谈自我
第 13 章false awakenings梦里醒来还在梦里看到第 5 / 13 章 · 后面还有约 25 分钟